Chhattisgarh
Kalachuris of Ratanpur and Raipur
Kalachuris of Ratanpur and Raipur — Quick Revision
One-page CGPSC quick revision for the Kalachuris of Ratanpur and Raipur — every date, name and fact in tables for last-minute Prelims and Mains revision.
This one-page sheet covers the Kalachuri (Haihaya) dynasty of Chhattisgarh, c. 1000 CE to 1741. For explanations, read Origin and the Ratanpur Branch, The Raipur Branch, Administration and Revenue and Art, Architecture and Inscriptions.
How to use this sheet
Scan top to bottom the week before Prelims. Bold lines are the facts examiners return to most often.
Timeline / Key Facts
Ratanpur Branch (senior line)
| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Parent line | Kalachuris of Tripuri (near Jabalpur); Kokalla I had 18 sons, the younger made lords of mandalas |
| Also called | Haihaya / Haihayavanshi |
| c. 1000 CE | Kalingaraja conquers Dakshin Kosala from the Somvanshis; capital Tummana (Tuman) |
| Next | Kamalaraja, son of Kalingaraja |
| Ratnadeva I | Founds Ratnapura (Ratanpur); tradition credits him with the Mahamaya temple |
| Prithvideva I (c. 1065–1090) | Sakala-Kosaladhipati; lord of 21,000 villages; Amoda plates, Kalachuri year 831 = 1079 CE |
| Jajalladeva I (c. 1090–1120) | Founds Jajallapura (Janjgir); Ratanpur inscription, Kalachuri year 866 = 1114 CE; gold coins; asserts independence |
| Ratnadeva II (c. 1120–1135) | Repulses Anantavarman Chodaganga (Eastern Ganga); widely credited with ending allegiance to Tripuri |
| Prithvideva II, Jajalladeva II, Jagaddeva, Ratnadeva III, Pratapamalla | 12th–early 13th century |
| Kalyan Sai | 16th century; tradition of a stay at the Mughal court (Akbar or Jahangir — sources differ); revenue records later seen by J. W. Chisholm |
| Rajasingh | c. 1689–1712; poet Gopal Mishra (Khub Tamasha) at his court |
| 1741 (variously 1740) | Bhaskar Pant (for Raghuji Bhonsle I) takes Ratanpur from Raghunath Singh, the last independent king |
| 1745–1758 | Mohan Singh as Maratha puppet; then Bimbaji Bhonsle rules directly |
Raipur Branch (junior line)
| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Name | Lahuri shakha (junior branch) |
| Origin | 14th century; Lakshmideva sent to Khalvatika (Khalari); split placed after his son Singhana (won 18 garhs) |
| Seat | Khalari → Raipur (Ramachandra, Brahmadeva) |
| Raipur inscription | Brahmadeva, VS 1458, c. 1402 CE |
| Khalari inscription | Haribrahmadeva, VS 1470, usually 1415 CE |
| Raipur city | Named by tradition after Ray Brahmadeva |
| Last ruler | Amar Singh; absorbed by the Marathas in the 1750s |
Administration and Revenue
| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| 36 garhs | 18 north of the Shivnath (Ratanpur) + 18 south (Raipur), by tradition |
| Garh | Fort-district under a Diwan |
| Barhon | About 12 villages under a Dau |
| Village | Under a Gaontia |
| Mahakshapatalika | Head of records |
| Mahapramatri | Land survey and assessment |
| Mahasandhivigrahika | Peace and war |
| Mahapramattavara / Mahasvasadhanika | Elephant force / cavalry |
| Main income | Land revenue; also trade dues, tribute, forest income |
Art, Architecture and Inscriptions
| Fact | Detail |
|---|---|
| Style | Stone, Nagara; Shaiva and Vaishnava |
| Janjgir | Vishnu temple, “Nakta Mandir”, tower never completed |
| Malhar | Pataleshwar (Kedareshwar) temple |
| Shivrinarayan | Narayan temple |
| Ratanpur | Mahamaya temple |
| Tuman | Shiva temple at the first capital |
| Pali | Built by the Banas, renovated in the Kalachuri period |
| Kalachuri (Chedi) era | Begins 248–249 CE (add 248) |
| Language / script | Sanskrit / Nagari |
| Corpus | V. V. Mirashi, CII Vol. IV |
Don’t Confuse
| This | vs | That |
|---|---|---|
| Tummana: Kalingaraja’s first capital | Ratanpur: founded by Ratnadeva I | |
| Ratnadeva I: founded Ratanpur | Ratnadeva II: defeated Anantavarman Chodaganga | |
| Jajalladeva I: Janjgir, 1114 | Jajalladeva II: Malhar inscription | |
| Tummana: first seat of Ratanpur branch | Khalari: first seat of Raipur branch | |
| Raghunath Singh: last of Ratanpur (1741) | Amar Singh: last of Raipur (1750s) | |
| Diwan: garh | Dau: barhon; Gaontia: village | |
| Kalachuri era: from 248–249 CE | Vikram Samvat: from 57 BCE | |
| Janjgir, Malhar: Kalachuri | Bhoramdeo: Phani Nagavanshi; Sirpur Lakshman temple: Pandu |
Favourite MCQ trap
“Kalingaraja founded Ratanpur” and “Ratanpur was the first Kalachuri capital” are both false. The first capital was Tummana (Tuman); Ratanpur was founded by his grandson Ratnadeva I. A second favourite: the dividing river is the Shivnath, not the Mahanadi.
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